Common Symptoms
Cerebellar Ataxia 2 (Belgian Shepherd Type) is a progressive, early onset, inherited neurologic disease affecting the Belgian Malinois. Symptoms usually present as early as the first four weeks of life and progress quickly. Affected dogs are unable to regulate potassium in the central nervous system. Potassium is critical for proper nerve function. These dogs have difficulty controlling leg movements and keeping their balance. Owners may observe dogs stumbling, staggering, circling, pacing, experiencing tremors, and falling. Some dogs may present with seizures and blindness. Most affected dogs either die or are euthanized within weeks of presentation due to severity and progression of clinical signs.
Breed-Specific Information for the Belgian Malinois
The Mutation of the ATP1B2 gene associated with progressive, early onset, cerebellar Ataxia has been identified in the Belgian Malinois. Though the exact frequency in the overall Belgian Malinois population is unknown, 15% of 251 Malinois in the study were found to have one copy of this mutation.
Testing Tips
Genetic testing of the ATP1B2 gene in Belgian Malinois dogs will reliably determine whether a dog is a genetic Carrier of cerebellar Ataxia 2. This disease is inherited in an Autosomal Recessive manner in the Belgian Malinois. This means that they must receive two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to develop the disease. In general, carrier dogs do not have features of the disease but when bred with another carrier of the same Mutation, there is a risk of having affected pups. Each pup born to this pairing has a 25% chance of inheriting the disease and a 50% chance of inheriting one copy and being a carrier of the ATP1B2 gene mutation. Reliable genetic testing is important for determining breeding practices. To eliminate this mutation from breeding lines and avoid the potential of producing affected pups, breeding of known carriers to each other is not recommended. Belgian Malinois dogs that do not carry the mutation have no increased risk of having affected pups.
There may be other causes of this condition in dogs and a normal result does not exclude a different mutation in this gene or any other gene that may result in a similar genetic disease or trait.
References
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Mauri N, Kleiter M, Dietschi E et al: A SINE Insertion in ATP1B2 in Belgian Shepherd Dogs Affected by Spongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia (SDCA2). G3 (Bethesda) 2017 Vol 7 (8) pp. 2729-2737.
[PubMed: 28620085]
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Mauri N, Kleiter M, Leschnik M, et al: A Missense Variant in KCNJ10 in Belgian Shepherd Dogs Affected by Spongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia (SDCA1). G3 (Bethesda) 2017 Vol 7 (2) pp. 663-669.
[PubMed: 28007838]
